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clinical-decision-support-book

Quality Data Model

The Quality Data Model (QDM) describes clinical concepts in a standardized format to enable electronic clinical quality measurement. The model is the backbone for representing quality measures criteria that are currently used by stakeholders involved in electronic quality measurement development and reporting. Stakeholders include measure developers, federal agencies, health IT vendors, standards organizations, informatics experts, providers, and researchers. The QDM is currently being harmonized with other relevant clinical decision support (CDS) standards.

Minor Release

The latest version of the Quality Data Model specification, Version 4.1.1, published in September 2014 contains the following changes from the Quality Data Model, Version 4.1:

  • Replacement of DateDiff and TimeDiff functions with DateTimeDiff
  • Specification of DateTimeDiff function to be used in measure observations only
  • Addition of a new section describing the use of attribute filters
  • Additional support for filtering date/time attributes by date
  • Re-specification of Overlaps to interpret missing end dates/times as ongoing

This minor release builds on the Quality Data Model specification, QDM 4.1, published in July 2014, which added several new operators and attributes, listed below.

  • Union and Intersection operators
  • Fulfills general relationship operator
  • Ends Concurrent With Start and Starts Concurrent With End timing operators
  • Medication, Order attributes: signed datetime and active datetime
  • Care Goal attribute: target outcome

In addition to new operators and attributes, QDM 4.1 also included several modifications to the previous version of the specification.

  • Starts Before Or During renamed to Starts Before End
  • Ends Before Or During renamed to Ends Before End
  • Patient Characteristic Expired attribute reason renamed to cause
  • Measurement Start Date and Measurement End Date removed in favor of Measurement Period
  • Ambiguous and/or undefined datatypes/attributes clarified or removed (see QDM-46)
  • QDM data elements restricted to only one attribute at a time
  • Guidance provided regarding the topic of cumulative medication duration

Support for these features and modifications were made in the Measure Authoring Tool (MAT) 4.0.0.

The QDM will continue to evolve based on stakeholder input and feedback from the QDM User Group.

Previous Versions

The QDM provides detail and explanations for the QDM standard categories, data types, previous definitions and current definitions and includes the rationale and other relevant comments for each revision to the model. All QDM versions are listed below in PDF format including the QDM Style Guide, which is a companion document to the QDM Update June 2012.

The QDM Style Guide addresses feasibility of QDM components with respect to EHRs certified for the 2014 EHR Certification Program proposed by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC). The QDM Style Guide provides guidance as to which information can be expected in structured form in referenced EHRs and which information may be important to measures but would likely require additional effort if certified EHRs are used as the only source of data.

QDM July 2014

QDM April 2014

QDM December 2013

QDM December 2012

QDM October 2012

QDM June 2012

QDM October 2011

QDM, Version 3.0

QDM, Version 2.1

QDM, Version 2.0

参考资料

  1. 原始网站